Ultra-thrifty/cost-effective approach to determine Alizarin Red S (ARS) in natural water supplies through ruthenium-cobalt modified pencil graphite as minuscule electrode

Abstract

ABSTRACT Herein, we present an extremely cost-effective approach to analyse and evaluate the fabric dye Alizarin red-S (ARS), one of the critical water pollutants. Moreover, this work shows an interesting and a one-step budget friendly promising electrochemical route for valorising ruthenium-cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles fabricated on graphene-chitosan modified pencil graphite electrode (RuNPs@CoNPs/Gr-Chi/PGE) in determining ARS in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) of pH −3 at the minute level. To analyse and evaluate the morphology of the sensor, we leveraged X-ray diffraction techniques, Scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Using (SWV)Square wave voltammetry, under the optimised experimental conditions, the response currents of the composite electrode exhibited a wide linearity of 2.5 µM to 2550 µM with an LOD and LOQ of 0.277 µM and 0.839 µM respectively. The composite exhibited promising results concerning stability over five weeks further focusing on the electrode’s reliability. It is validated in tap water, Buckingham Canal water, and textile water for the assay of ARS.