Abstract
Defect-engineered photonic crystal (PC) microcavities were fabricated by UV photolithography and their corresponding sensitivities to biomarkers in patient plasma samples were compared for different resonant microcavity characteristics of quality factor Q and biomarker fill fraction. Three different biomarkers in plasma from pancreatic cancer patients were experimentally detected by conventional L13 defect-engineered microcavities without nanoholes and higher sensitivity L13 PC microcavities with nanoholes. 8.8 femto-molar (0.334 pg/mL) concentration of pancreatic cancer biomarker in patient plasma samples was experimentally detected which are 50 times dilution than ELISA in a PC microcavity with high quality factor and high analyte fill fraction.
Highlights
For early high-value bio-marker detection, a sensor with the highest sensitivity is desired
Concerns occur about the potential to sense the biomarkers in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) versus real patient samples. [28] lay down the basis of this type of photonic crystal (PC) cavity devices systematically with demonstration on standard biotin/avidin system, while our work focused on the demonstration of the high-sensitivity biosensing of real biomarkers in patient plasma samples
We experimentally demonstrate the detection of three plasma proteins in plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer and compare the detection sensitivity versus conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Summary
For early high-value bio-marker detection, a sensor with the highest sensitivity is desired. A sensor with a high sensitivity together with lab-on-chip miniaturization capability enables the early detection of multiple biomarkers with a minimum sample volume. Various integrated optical devices have been developed for label-free bio-sensing [1,2,3,4], such as surface plasmon devices [5,6,7], microring resonators [8,9,10], silicon nanowires [11], nanoporous silicon waveguides [12], Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) [13,14] and photonic crystal (PC)microcavities [15,16,17,18,19]. The two-dimensional PC microcavity, because of its compact size (of a few square microns in surface area), high throughput [21,22,23,24] and the highest sensitivity [25,26], have attracted significant interest in biosensing
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