Abstract
Devices in wireless sensor networks are typically powered by batteries, which must last as long as possible to reduce both the total cost of ownership and potentially pollutant wastes when disposed of. By lowering the duty cycle to the bare minimum, time slotted channel hopping manages to achieve very low power consumption, which makes it a very interesting option for saving energy, e.g., at the perception layer of the Internet of Things. In this paper, a mechanism based on probabilistic blacklisting is proposed for such networks, which permits to lower power consumption further. In particular, channels suffering from non-negligible disturbance may be skipped based on the perceived quality of communication so as to increase reliability and decrease the likelihood that retransmissions have to be performed. The only downside of this approach is that the transmission latency may grow, but this is mostly irrelevant for systems where the sampling rates are low enough.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) often include devices that are powered on batteries, especially when they are deployed in areas without a proper infrastructure
Even in the most unfavorable case when qk = NQ − 1, ∀k ∈ [11, 26], the cell, among the NQ considered ones, for which q0 = NQ − 1 is not skipped. This means that the transmission latency in ACCS cannot grow more than NQ times with respect to time slotted channel hopping (TSCH), that is, it is upper bounded by dmax = NQ · (1 + retry limit (RL) ) · NS · Tslot = NQ · (1 + RL ) · Tsf
Even in the case when the disturbance level varied with time, ACCS managed to reduce the average number of retries at the expense of an increased latency
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) often include devices that are powered on batteries, especially when they are deployed in areas without a proper infrastructure. Modulation techniques adopted at the physical layer of the protocol stack in the recent solutions are typically very energy efficient, and are not likely to be improved further in the near future [3,4] This means that other approaches are needed to save energy without impairing communication reliability, which operate at the medium access control (MAC). In [15] the LABeL technique was proposed for the 6TiSCH protocol stack [6], which implements IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e This approach exploits link-based adaptive blacklisting in Electronics 2022, 11, 304 order to improve reliability and responsiveness for industrial applications, where latency does definitely count.
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