Abstract
The advent of caloric materials for magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, and elastocaloric cooling is changing the landscape of solid state cooling technologies with potentials for high-efficiency and environmentally friendly residential and commercial cooling and heat-pumping applications. Given that caloric materials are ferroic materials that undergo first (or second) order phase transitions near room temperature, they open up intriguing possibilities for multiferroic devices with hitherto unexplored functionalities coupling their thermal properties with different fields (magnetic, electric, and stress) through composite configurations. Here we demonstrate a magneto-elastocaloric effect with ultra-low magnetic field (0.16 T) in a compact geometry to generate a cooling temperature change as large as 4 K using a magnetostriction/superelastic alloy composite. Such composite systems can be used to circumvent shortcomings of existing technologies such as the need for high-stress actuation mechanism for elastocaloric materials and the high magnetic field requirement of magnetocaloric materials, while enabling new applications such as compact remote cooling devices.
Highlights
The advent of caloric materials for magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, and elastocaloric cooling is changing the landscape of solid state cooling technologies with potentials for high-efficiency and environmentally friendly residential and commercial cooling and heat-pumping applications
The functionality of our composite multiferroic devices corresponds to the red arrow path in the modified Heckmann diagram (Fig. 1a), which includes temperature and entropy as a field and a conjugate response parameter, and it is effectively an alternative route to achieve the magnetocaloric effect
As an alternative to magnetostriction, it is possible to use piezoelectric materials to construct another type of multiferroic composites for inducing elastocaloric cooling
Summary
The advent of caloric materials for magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, and elastocaloric cooling is changing the landscape of solid state cooling technologies with potentials for high-efficiency and environmentally friendly residential and commercial cooling and heat-pumping applications. We demonstrate a magneto-elastocaloric effect with ultra-low magnetic field (0.16 T) in a compact geometry to generate a cooling temperature change as large as 4 K using a magnetostriction/superelastic alloy composite Such composite systems can be used to circumvent shortcomings of existing technologies such as the need for high-stress actuation mechanism for elastocaloric materials and the high magnetic field requirement of magnetocaloric materials, while enabling new applications such as compact remote cooling devices. There have been many demonstrations of composite multiferroic effects that take place via elastic coupling between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials at their interfaces, and they have been explored for a variety of bulk and thin-film device applications including ultra-high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors[13,14,15,16], cantilever-based mechanical logic devices[17,18], and voltage-controlled nanoscale magnetic domain memories[19]. The magnetic-field-induced elastocaloric (which we call magneto-elastocaloric (M-eC) for short) cooling devices achieve cooling ΔTad of 4 K with 0.16 T, which can open up possibilities for an entirely new class of compact and remote cooling applications
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