Abstract
Liquid fuels are likely to remain the main energy source in long-range transportation and aviation for several decades. To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, liquid biofuels can be blended to fossil fuels – or used purely. In this paper, coconut methyl ester, standard diesel fuel (EN590:2017), and their blends were investigated in 25 V/V% steps. A novel turbulent combustion chamber was developed to facilitate combustion in a large volume that leads to ultra-low emissions. The combustion power of the swirl burner was 13.3 kW, and the air-to-fuel equivalence ratio was 1.25. Two parameters, combustion air preheating temperature and atomizing air pressure were adjusted in the range of 150–350 °C and 0.3–0.9 bar, respectively. Both straight and lifted flames were observed. The closed, atmospheric combustion chamber resulted in CO emission below 10 ppm in the majority of the cases. NO emission varied between 60 and 183 ppm at straight flame cases and decreased below 20 ppm when the flame was lifted since the combustion occurred in a large volume. This operation mode fulfills the 2015/2193/EU directive for gas combustion by 25%, which is twice as strict as liquid fuel combustion regulations. The 90% NO emission reduction was also concluded when compared to a lean premixed prevaporized burner under similar conditions. This favorable operation mode was named as Mixture Temperature-Controlled (MTC) Combustion. The chemiluminescent emission of lifted flames was also low, however, the OH* emission of straight flames was clearly observable and followed the trends of NO emission. The MTC mode may lead to significantly decreased pollutant emission of steady-operating devices like boilers, furnaces, and both aviation and industrial gas turbines, meaning an outstanding contribution to more environmentally friendly technologies.
Highlights
The challenge of our decade is reaching sustainability
The observed flame volume was approximately 150×150×150 mm on average which means 4 MW/m3 volumetric heat release rate. This combustion concept can be best characterized by Mixture Temperature-Controlled (MTC) combustion mode, which is a novel variant of rich burn-quick quench-lean burn (RQL) combustion since mixture ignition is delayed at the center by controlling the temperature instead of the fuel-air mixture
D, coconut methyl ester (CME), and their blends were investigated in a novel, MTC burner
Summary
The challenge of our decade is reaching sustainability. A dramatic change is required for land-based energy generation for the transition of fossil fuel heavy primary energy carriers to renewable energy sources [1]. The advancement in combustion technology was flameless combustion, which solves the high flame temperature problem, characterized by even lower thermal NOX formation than LPP burners by recirculating a portion of the flue gas [35] This concept works flawlessly in a laboratory environment, the efficient and reliable flue gas recirculation still has to be solved at practical scales [36]. The observed flame volume was approximately 150×150×150 mm on average which means 4 MW/m3 volumetric heat release rate This combustion concept can be best characterized by Mixture Temperature-Controlled (MTC) combustion mode, which is a novel variant of RQL combustion since mixture ignition is delayed at the center by controlling the temperature instead of the fuel-air mixture. Combustion occurs in a large volume, extremely low NO emission can be achieved
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