Abstract
Introduction and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to use high accurate mass metabolomic profiling to investigate differences within a phenotypically diverse canine population, with breed-related morphological, physiological and behavioural differences. Previously, using a broad metabolite fingerprinting approach, lipids appear to dominate inter- and intra- breed discrimination. The purpose here was to use Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) to identify in more detail, inter-breed signatures in plasma lipidomic profiles of home-based, client-owned dogs maintained on different diets and fed according to their owners’ feeding regimens.MethodsNine dog breeds were recruited in this study (Beagle, Chihuahua, Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund, Golden Retriever, Greyhound, German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever and Maltese: 7–12 dogs per breed). Metabolite profiling on a MTBE lipid extract of fasted plasma was performed using UHPLC-HRMS.ResultsMultivariate modelling and classification indicated that the main source of lipidome variance was between the three breeds Chihuahua, Dachshund and Greyhound and the other six breeds, however some intra-breed variance was evident in Labrador Retrievers. Metabolites associated with dietary intake impacted on breed-associated variance and following filtering of these signals out of the data-set unique inter-breed lipidome differences for Chihuahua, Golden Retriever and Greyhound were identified.ConclusionBy using a phenotypically diverse home-based canine population, we were able to show that high accurate mass lipidomics can enable identification of metabolites in the first pass plasma profile, capturing distinct metabolomic variability associated with genetic differences, despite environmental and dietary variability.
Highlights
Introduction and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to use high accurate mass metabolomic profiling to investigate differences within a phenotypically diverse canine population, with breed-related morphological, physiological and behavioural differences
In the two breeds that were present in both the controlled environmental and the client-owned environmental study cohorts (Labrador Retriever and Cocker Spaniel) phosphatidylcholines were identified common to dogs of the same breeds but of different genetic stock and from different environmental conditions (Lloyd et al 2016)
In the current study we present more systematic and detailed characterization of the plasma lipidome in dog breeds using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and suggest a strategy for working with owner-maintained animals in the context of uncontrolled environmental variability and non-standardized diets
Summary
The purpose of this study was to use high accurate mass metabolomic profiling to investigate differences within a phenotypically diverse canine population, with breed-related morphological, physiological and behavioural differences. The purpose here was to use Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC– HRMS) to identify in more detail, inter-breed signatures in plasma lipidomic profiles of home-based, client-owned dogs maintained on different diets and fed according to their owners’ feeding regimens. Metabolite fingerprinting, namely Flow Infusion Electrospray MS (FIE-MS) and NMR, have been employed to characterize the main drivers of variance in the plasma and urine metabolomes of dogs (Beckmann et al 2010; Lloyd et al 2016; Viant et al 2007). It was speculated that other differences in lipid metabolism and lipid functionality may exist between breeds
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