Abstract
Tin perovskite is rising as a promising candidate to address the toxicity and theoretical efficiency limitation of lead perovskite. However, the voltage and efficiency of tin perovskite solar cells are much lower than lead counterparts. Herein, indene-C60 bisadduct with higher energy level is utilized as an electron transporting material for tin perovskite solar cells. It suppresses carrier concentration increase caused by remote doping, which significantly reduces interface carriers recombination. Moreover, indene-C60 bisadduct increases the maximum attainable photovoltage of the device. As a result, the use of indene-C60 bisadduct brings unprecedentedly high voltage of 0.94 V, which is over 50% higher than that of 0.6 V for device based on [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The device shows a record power conversion efficiency of 12.4% reproduced in an accredited independent photovoltaic testing lab.
Highlights
IntroductionThe voltage and efficiency of tin perovskite solar cells are much lower than lead counterparts
Tin perovskite is rising as a promising candidate to address the toxicity and theoretical efficiency limitation of lead perovskite
We studied the microstructure of perovskite film by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS)
Summary
The voltage and efficiency of tin perovskite solar cells are much lower than lead counterparts. Indene-C60 bisadduct with higher energy level is utilized as an electron transporting material for tin perovskite solar cells. It suppresses carrier concentration increase caused by remote doping, which significantly reduces interface carriers recombination. Tin perovskite solar cell (PSC) demonstrates the highest efficiency among all kinds of lead-free perovskites[5]. It is highly desirable to clarify the mechanism for the low voltage of tin PSCs and find solutions. Another possible factor for the low voltage of tin PSCs could be the deep Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO)
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