Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are highly versatile materials; new applications using them are continuously being developed. Special attention is being dedicated to the possible use of multiwall carbon nanotubes in biomaterials contacting with bone. This study describes the response of murine macrophage-like Raw 264.7 cells after two and six days of culture in contact with artificially generated particles from both, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene polymer and the composite (multiwall carbon nanotubes and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene). This novel composite has superior wear behavior, having thus the potential to reduce the number of revision knee arthroplasty surgeries required by wear failure of tibial articulating component and diminish particle-induced osteolysis. The results of an in vitro study of viability, and interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production suggest good cytocompatibility, similar to that of conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
Highlights
Knees carry half of the body weight and provide support and mobility to the human body
The multiwall carbon nanotubes are commercial products that were purchased from Sky Spring
In order to understand the effect of carbon nanotubes in the polymer matrix, samples with twelve different concentrations were fabricated (See Table 2)
Summary
Knees carry half of the body weight and provide support and mobility to the human body. In total knee replacements (TKRs) the production of wear debris is expected because of the sliding and rotating movements of the femoral component against the bearing surface. The articular component material must be completely biocompatible to avoid strong immune reactions due to the interaction of this wear debris with the human body fluids and tissues surrounding the knee joint. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been proven to be a good counterpart material when articulating against cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) femoral components in TKRs [2,3]. It displays a very low friction coefficient and it is widely used in the orthopaedic field as a bearing surface in different artificial joints. Because of its high wear resistance and high impact strength, this material remains the material of choice for the fabrication of articular tibial components
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