Abstract
The advantages of ultra-high-field (UHF ≥ 7T) MR have been demonstrated in a variety of MR acquisition modalities. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can particularly benefit from substantial gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spectral resolution at UHF, enabling the quantification of numerous metabolites, including glutamate, glutamine, glutathione, and γ-aminobutyric acid that are relevant to psychiatric disorders. The aim of this review is to give an overview about the advantages and advances of UHF MRS and its application to psychiatric disorders. In order to provide a practical guide for potential applications of MRS at UHF, a literature review is given, surveying advantages and disadvantages of MRS at UHF. Key concepts, emerging technologies, practical considerations, and applications of UHF MRS are provided. Second, the strength of UHF MRS is demonstrated using some examples of its application in psychiatric disorders.
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Neuroimaging and Stimulation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can benefit from substantial gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spectral resolution at UHF, enabling the quantification of numerous metabolites, including glutamate, glutamine, glutathione, and γ-aminobutyric acid that are relevant to psychiatric disorders
Multiple lines of research, including brain imaging, analysis of post-mortem brain tissue, and genetic studies have resulted in the identification of potential dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ) [2], major depressive disorders (MDD) [3], bipolar disorder (BD) [2], anxiety disorders [4], autism spectrum disorder [5], and anorexia nervosa [6]
Summary
In vivo MRS at UHF is ready to make important contributions in the evaluation of disease [19] and more importantly because it may assist to study disease progression and treatment [20, 21] Despite this potential, implementing MRS in the human brain at UHF involves multiple challenges, such as magnetic field and RF inhomogeneity, increased spectral bandwidth and short relaxation times of metabolites. These pulses should have a high degree of tolerance to RF inhomogeneity with broadband sharp slice-selection profiles. If applicable, we will provide examples from translational research as they relate to psychiatric disorders
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