Ultimately accurate SRAF replacement for practical phases using an adaptive search algorithm based on the optimal gradient method

Abstract

SRAF (Sub Resolution Assist Feature) technique has been widely used for DOF enhancement. Below 40nm design node, even in the case of using the SRAF technique, the resolution limit is approached due to the use of hyper NA imaging or low k1 lithography conditions especially for the contact layer. As a result, complex layout patterns or random patterns like logic data or intermediate pitch patterns become increasingly sensitive to photo-resist pattern fidelity. This means that the need for more accurate resolution technique is increasing in order to cope with lithographic patterning fidelity issues in low k1 lithography conditions. To face with these issues, new SRAF technique like model based SRAF using an interference map or inverse lithography technique has been proposed. But these approaches don't have enough assurance for accuracy or performance, because the ideal mask generated by these techniques is lost when switching to a manufacturable mask with Manhattan structures. As a result it might be very hard to put these things into practice and production flow. In this paper, we propose the novel method for extremely accurate SRAF placement using an adaptive search algorithm. In this method, the initial position of SRAF is generated by the traditional SRAF placement such as rule based SRAF, and it is adjusted by adaptive algorithm using the evaluation of lithography simulation. This method has three advantages which are preciseness, efficiency and industrial applicability. That is, firstly, the lithography simulation uses actual computational model considering process window, thus our proposed method can precisely adjust the SRAF positions, and consequently we can acquire the best SRAF positions. Secondly, because our adaptive algorithm is based on optimal gradient method, which is very simple algorithm and rectilinear search, the SRAF positions can be adjusted with high efficiency. Thirdly, our proposed method, which utilizes the traditional SRAF placement, is easy to be utilized in the established workflow. These advantages make it possible to give the traditional SRAF placement a new breath of life for low k1.