Uloga dojenja u očuvanju zdravlja majke i deteta

Abstract

Breastfeeding is the cornerstone for normal growth and development, proper nutrition of children, but also for the health of mothers. Many studies have shown that women who breastfed their children are less likely to suffer from breast and ovarian cancer, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Also, breastfeeding has a protective effect on the development of postpartum depression in the mother, leads to a faster loss of excess body weight after childbirth, and enables a faster recovery uterus to its original size, reduces the possibility of postpartum bleeding. Breastfed children are more intelligent, develop the autistic spectrum less often, have less tendency to obesity and exhibit allergies, better developed immunity. At the moment of the Covid-19 pandemic, the focus of the health systems of all countries was placed on prevention and the fight against the new infectious disease caused by the SARS CoV 2 virus, while family care was neglected. The World Health Organization recommends an exclusive natural diet in the first 6 months of life. After this age, breastfeeding in combination with an adequate non-dairy diet is recommended until the second year of life, and later. According to data from the World Health Organization, in the period from 2015 to 2021, 48% of children up to the age of 6 months were on a natural diet, which is 10% more than in the previous decade and close to the set goal of 50% for 2025. . The global goal for 2030 is to reach 70%. Statistical data on the proportion of breastfed children and monitoring of breastfeeding rates in the Republic of Serbia still cannot be obtained from routine health statistics, although they are much needed. Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MISC) are most often used to compare and monitor trends in breastfeeding rates, as well as to plan activities related to breastfeeding promotion. According to the latest MISC data, 90.4% of children in Serbia have started breastfeeding, but only 12.8% of children are exclusively breastfed until the 6th month of life.