Abstract
To protect from reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages, skin cells have evolved to have antioxidant enzymes, such as copper and zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD1), mitochondrial manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Bioactive compounds analyses were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) system. The antioxidant activity of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance (UMH) extracts was estimated in vitro. The anti-aging activity of UMH extracts was estimated in vivo using the SKH-1 hairless mice. The UMH extracts reduced the H2O2-induced intracellular ROS production and the cell damages in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Moreover, the H2O2-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 was detected in HDF and UMH extracts blocked the phosphorylation. These results suggest that UMH extracts can reduce the expression of MMPs and the reduced MMPs lead to the inhibition of collagen degradation. In addition, oral administration of the UMH extracts decreased the depth, thickness, and length of wrinkles on UVB exposed hairless mice. Therefore, UMH extracts play an advantage of the functional materials in antioxidant and anti-aging of skin.
Highlights
Skin surrounding the human body is exposed to the outside and protects the body from external stimulation
Our study showed the antioxidant and anti-aging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance (UMH) extracts contain a lot of phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds
H2O2-induced phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 was detected and UMH extracts blocked the phosphorylation of JNK and p38
Summary
Skin surrounding the human body is exposed to the outside and protects the body from external stimulation. Skin aging can be classified as intrinsic aging and photo-aging. The first proceeds with time passing away naturally and the latter occurs in the skin of the face, back of the hand, or neck after overexposure to sunlight. Ultraviolet (UV) is the ultimate reason for photo-aging in the skin and intrinsic aging is the result of combinatorial factors [1]. UV light, which is a cause of photo-aging, can be classified into UVA (320–400 nm), UVB (280–320 nm), and UVC (200–280 nm). UVA and UVB from the Earth’s surface pass through the dermal layer and promote damage and aging in skin [2]
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