Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that mainly affect large intestine. It started with mucosal inflammation and extends proximally in continuous way. The clear etiology of UC is not yet clear. The characteristic manifestations of UC include bloody diarrhea, fecal urgency, hematochezia and abdominal pain. The present study includes epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and available novel treatment options for UC. It is most important to rule out infectious and noninfectious etiology. Most cases of UC are treated with available pharmacological agents firstly for remission then maintenance of remission. First choice of drug for UC is 5-aminosalicylic acid with or without addition of corticosteroid depending upon response of mono-therapy. Patients nonresponsive to drug therapy should be hospitalized with critical care attention.
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