Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes severe destruction in remote organs. Lung damage is a frequently seen complication after intestinal I/R. Ukrain (NSC 631570) is a synthetic thiophosphate derivative of alkaloids from the extract of the celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) plant. We investigated the effect of Ukrain in animals with lung injury induced by intestinal I/R. Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, Ukrain, I/R, I/R with Ukrain. Before intestinal I/R was induced, Ukrain was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 7.0 mg/body weight. After 1 h ischemia and 2 h reperfusion period, lung tissues were excised. Tissue levels of total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured and oxidative stress indices (OSI) were calculated. Lung tissues were also examined histopathologically. TOS and OSI levels markedly increased and TAS levels decreased in the I/R group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). TOS and OSI levels markedly decreased and TAS levels increased in the I/R with Ukrain group compared with the group subjected to IR only (P < 0.05). Severe hemorrhage, alveolar septal thickening, and leukocyte infiltration were observed in the I/R group. In the I/R with Ukrain group, morphologic changes occurring as a result of lung damage attenuated and histopathological scores reduced compared to the I/R group (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that Ukrain pretreatment could reduce lung injury induced by intestinal I/R induced via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Highlights
Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is com‐ monly seen in some clinical situations, such as serious burns, hemorrhagic or traumatic shock, acute mesenteric ischemia, cardiopulmonary bypass, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, organ transplantations [1]
total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress indices (OSI) levels decreased and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels increased in the I/R with Ukrain group compared with the group subjected to IR only (P < 0.05, Figure 1)
Total lung dam‐ age scores were higher in the I/R group compared to the con‐ trol group (P < 0.05, Table 2)
Summary
Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is com‐ monly seen in some clinical situations, such as serious burns, hemorrhagic or traumatic shock, acute mesenteric ischemia, cardiopulmonary bypass, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, organ transplantations [1]. Intestinal I/R most commonly leads to acute vascular deficiency and the multiple organ failure which are associated with high rates of morbidity and mor‐ tality [2]. Intestinal I/R leads to the severe destruction of remote organs like the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys. Activation of immune cells within the endothelial cells of intestinal microcirculation may initiate a systemic inflamma‐ tory response with secondary injury to remote organs. Leakage of bacteria and toxins from intestinal mucosa may induce inflammation, causing remote organ dysfunction. Intestinal injury is increased by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms. ROS activate neutrophils and activated neutrophils infiltrate intestinal epithelium and endothelial cells, leading to mucosal damage. Mucosal injury leads to increase in vascular permea‐ bility, causing translocation of enteric bacterial products [4,5]
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