Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the exogenous free radicals. Exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with lung inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Compounds that can inhibit the oxidation reaction by binding free radicals known as antioxidants. Eleutherine americana Merr. leaves has an antioxidant activity in invitro study. The aim of this work was to study E.americana leaves as a natural antioxidant that reduce the level of lung damage from exposure to cigarette smoke in male wistar rats and study effective dose of E.americana leaves to reduce the level of lung damage. The leaves of E.americana extracted by maceration method for 6 days using ethanol 70%. Rats were divided into six groups of four animals each : exposed to ambient air (GroupA), exposed to cigarette smoke (Group B), exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with ethanol extract of E.americana leaves at dose 45mg/kg bw, 90mg/kg bw, 180mg/kg bw (Group C,D,E), exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with vitamin E dose 18mg/kg bb(Group F). All rats were treated for 14 days using 3 cigarettes non filtered each day by using a smoking chamber. After 14 days rats were killed. Right lungs were removed for histopathology. The results showed that dose 45mg/kg bw, 90mg/kg bw, 180mg/kg bw can reduce the level of lung damage to the enlarge of alveolar, thickening of the alveolar wall and inflammatory cell infiltration. Dose 180mg/kg bw as an effective dose to reduce the level of lung damage that compare to normal control.
Highlights
Exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the exogenous free radicals
The results showed that dose 45mg/kg bw, 90mg/kg bw, 180mg/kg bw can reduce the level of lung damage to the enlarge of alveolar, thickening of the alveolar wall and inflammatory cell infiltration
Emphysema and Metalloelastase Expression in Mouse Lung Induced by Cigarette Smoke
Summary
Latar Belakang Penggunaan rokok didunia semakin meningkat jumlahnya. Sebanyak 32.9 % penggunaan rokok pada pria dan 18.4 % penggunaan rokok pada wanita. Radikal bebas yang dihasilkan dari asap rokok mengakibatkan terjadinya penebalan pada dinding alveolus, pelebaran lumen alveolus dan peradangan pada alveoulus yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya jumlah leukosit dan alveolar makrofag[2,3]. Beberapa penelitian antioksidan yang pernah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa beberapa tanaman seperti teh dan wortel memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan mengurangi kerusakan paru-paru tikus yang terpapar asap rokok[2,3,4]. Beberapa penelitian yang pernah dilakukan terhadap tanaman bawang mekah memberikan hasil bahwa bulbus bawang mekah mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri dan sebagai antioksidan dengan IC50 sebesar 25,3339 μg/mL. Penelitian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol 70% daun bawang mekah menggunakan metode DPPH memiliki efek peredaman radikal bebas dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 31,97437 μg/mL7-10. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan mengukur derajat kerusakan histopatologis paru-paru tikus wistar jantan yang terpapar asap rokok setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol 70 % daun bawang mekah. Hasil dari pengamatan ini akan dilakukan penilaian dengan diberi skor berdasarkan tingkat kerusakan masing-masing parameter
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