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Abstract
For optical metal cryostats quartz glass windows are usually used sealed with O-rings made from indium or Teflon, etc. or glued with epoxy resin into elastic mountings. These windows have the common disadvantage that helium penetrates quartz at low temperatures. Furthermore the indium and Teflon O-rings cause forced birefringence, whilst the elastic mounting window suffers from quite large differences in the thermal shrinkage between the quartz, metal and epoxy resin, so that the windows are very sensitive to thermal and mechanical shocks. These disadvantages can be avoided by using sapphire windows hard soldered into elastic mounting rings.
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