Abstract
It is now understood that protein ubiquitination has diverse cellular functions in eukaryotes. The molecular mechanism and physiological significance of ubiquitin-mediated processes have been extensively studied in yeast, Drosophila and mammalian somatic cells. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have emphasized the importance of ubiquitination in spermatogenesis and fertilization. The dysfunction of various ubiquitin systems results in impaired sperm development with abnormal organelle morphology and function, which in turn is highly associated with male infertility. This review will focus on the emerging roles of ubiquitination in biogenesis, function and stability of sperm organelles in mammals.
Highlights
Protein ubiquitination has long been recognized as one of the key determinants of protein stability and activity
The assembly and fusion of the proacrosomal vesicles are most likely controlled by membrane trafficking machinery, including Rab and SNARE proteins, which are associated with the Golgi apparatus and acrosome [64,65,66]
It is clear that the ubiquitin system has a central role in the key events in spermatogenesis and fertilization
Summary
Protein ubiquitination has long been recognized as one of the key determinants of protein stability and activity This post-translational modification plays a critical role in a variety of cell functions, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, signal transduction, protein trafficking, immune response and apoptosis. Protein ubiquitination plays a central role in the regulation of the morphology and function of membranous organelles, for example, protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), protein sorting in endosomes and mitochondrial dynamics [6,7,8]. Likewise, it could be important for the maintenance of the integrity of sperm organelles. This review will focus on recent advances in the state of knowledge concerning the role of protein ubiquitination in biogenesis and the function and stability of sperm membranous organelles
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