Abstract
Oral health is an integral part of the general health and well-being of individuals. The presence of oral disease is potentially indicative of a number of systemic diseases and may contribute to their early diagnosis and treatment. The ubiquitin (Ub) system has been shown to play a role in cellular immune response, cellular development, and programmed cell death. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that occurs in eukaryotes. Its mechanism involves a number of factors, including Ub-activating enzymes, Ub-conjugating enzymes, and Ub protein ligases. Deubiquitinating enzymes, which are proteases that reversely modify proteins by removing Ub or Ub-like molecules or remodeling Ub chains on target proteins, have recently been regarded as crucial regulators of ubiquitination-mediated degradation and are known to significantly affect cellular pathways, a number of biological processes, DNA damage response, and DNA repair pathways. Research has increasingly shown evidence of the relationship between ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and oral disease. This review investigates recent progress in discoveries in diseased oral sites and discusses the roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in oral disease.
Highlights
Oral health is essential to general health and well-being
The presence of oral disease may contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of a number of systemic diseases, and the oral cavity is an integral component of the relationship between oral and systemic health [1,2]
Further research elaborating on the dysregulation of Notch signaling in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and how it relates to the ubiquitination system would prove to be beneficial
Summary
Oral health is essential to general health and well-being. The presence of oral disease may contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of a number of systemic diseases, and the oral cavity is an integral component of the relationship between oral and systemic health [1,2]. It is known that UPS plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation by controlling quantitative changes in cell cycle–related factors, such as signal transduction and transcription factors [3,4,5,6,7,8,9] It is closely involved in a wide range of immunological processes, such as antigen processing and protein quality control mechanisms in the endoplasmic reticulum. DUBs have four distinct mechanisms of action: (1) processing of Ub precursors, (2) recycling of Ub molecules during ubiquitination, (3) cleavage of poly-Ub chains, and (4) reversal of Ub conjugation They regulate several cellular functions, including proteasomeand lysosome-dependent proteolysis, gene expression, cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation [14]. Considering that evidence of the relationship between ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and oral disease is growing, this review aimed to tackle emerging data on ubiquitination and deubiquitination given that they are associated with oral diseases
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