Abstract
The use of low-level photogrammetry is very broad, and studies in this field are conducted in many aspects. Most research and applications are based on image data acquired during the day, which seems natural and obvious. However, the authors of this paper draw attention to the potential and possible use of UAV photogrammetry during the darker time of the day. The potential of night-time images has not been yet widely recognized, since correct scenery lighting or lack of scenery light sources is an obvious issue. The authors have developed typical day- and night-time photogrammetric models. They have also presented an extensive analysis of the geometry, indicated which process element had the greatest impact on degrading night-time photogrammetric product, as well as which measurable factor directly correlated with image accuracy. The reduction in geometry during night-time tests was greatly impacted by the non-uniform distribution of GCPs within the study area. The calibration of non-metric cameras is sensitive to poor lighting conditions, which leads to the generation of a higher determination error for each intrinsic orientation and distortion parameter. As evidenced, uniformly illuminated photos can be used to construct a model with lower reprojection error, and each tie point exhibits greater precision. Furthermore, they have evaluated whether commercial photogrammetric software enabled reaching acceptable image quality and whether the digital camera type impacted interpretative quality. The research paper is concluded with an extended discussion, conclusions, and recommendation on night-time studies.
Highlights
Evaluating the quality of results obtained using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) photogrammetry [16,17]: These analyses address the issues of errors obtained for photogrammetric images and products, based on applied measuring technologies
Procedural factors that impact the final quality of a photogrammetric product include ground con points (GCPs) distribution and flight plan, whereas in terms of numerical factors, it is the issue of night-time calibration
The reduction in geometry during night-time tests were greatly impacted by nonuniform distribution of GCPs within the study area
Summary
Photogrammetric products are used in various economic sectors, and intensively contribute to their growth. This situation primarily results from the development and widespread availability of UAVs equipped with good-quality non-metric cameras, the development of software base and easy-to-use photogrammetric tools, as well as increased computing power of personal computers. Despite the already widespread use of the aforementioned techniques, there is still a large number of issues associated with the processing of low-level photogrammetry products. This is mainly influenced by a relatively young age of this technology, the dynamic development of sensor design technology and modern computing methods. It can be stated without doubt that the complete potential of photogrammetry has not yet been fully discovered and unleashed, which is why scientists and engineers are constantly working on improving and developing the broadly understood UAV photogrammetry
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