Abstract
Introduction. This paper examines regulations which govern procedures for reporting incidents other than accidents or serious incidents related to unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations. The regulations are discussed in the context of available data and the paper included an analysis of them from both a European and national perspective. The goal of the paper is to provide a series of recommendations with regard to the procedures for reporting and analyzing UAS incidents in order to improve the safe integration of unmanned and manned aviation. This article also explores the legal consequences that arise from the midair collision between a UAS and a manned aircraft. Material and methods: The method of study comprises a content analysis of existing legislations. The current doctrine was confronted with existing regulations, documents and materials. Results: The results of the study show that there is a practical problem of objectively identifying operators of a UAS as well as in defining what exactly constitutes an “incident”. It can be reasonably concluded that reporting and analyzing UAS-related incidents allows for the assessment and development of strategies for integrating manned and unmanned aviation. It is worth mentioning that drones and UAS technology requires refinement, especially in technological terms. It is reasonable to take action aimed at raising awareness amongst UAS users of the need to report incidents, as well as engaging UAS users in the investigative process which follows such occurrences.
Highlights
This paper examines regulations which govern procedures for reporting incidents other than accidents or serious incidents related to unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations
There are no technical limitations to the size of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
A growing number of drone operations have increased the number of dangerous events involving UAS, and this is not just incidents and airprox with UAS reported by aircraft crews in recent years
Summary
The rapid progress in the field of modern technologies affects the development of unmanned aerial vehicle systems that are used for military and civilian purposes. There are no technical limitations to the size of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A drone can either weight just a few hundred grams, or be the size of a Boeing 777. Drones are used on a large scale. The UAV and UAS markets have been showing steady, increasing growth year after year in Europe. Some of the world’s top drone service providers are based here, and their results are proof of continuous and considerable market growth. Some forecasts predict that the European drone market will more than double in size between the years 2018 and 2024 [2]. Others predict that revenues generated from commercial drone use in Europe will grow from USD 251 million in 2020 to USD 3 billion in 2025. Different estimates see the region’s drone market bringing in EUR 10 billion annually by 2035, and over EUR 15 billion annually by 2050. [3]
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