Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that urinary sediment miRNAs not only are able to serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) but may also be closely related to several clinical and pathological indicators. However, the lack of a suitable internal reference miRNA has hampered research into urinary sediment miRNAs. To date, U6 has been used as a reference gene in urinary sediment miRNA studies mostly based on the results from studies using tissue samples and cell lines. In a total of 330 IgAN patients, 164 disease control patients and 130 normal control patients, there was no significant difference in U6 levels. We also compared the U6 levels in different types of primary glomerular disease groups (IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, minimal change nephrosis and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis). The results confirmed that there was no significant difference in the expression of U6 in different primary glomerular disease groups. Moreover, treatment had no significant effect on the expression levels of U6 in IgA nephropathy. Therefore, U6 is an excellent housekeeping gene for urinary sediment miRNA studies of IgA nephropathy.
Highlights
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world and is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in China[1]
There were no significant differences in age, sex distribution, serum creatinine (Scr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate among different groups
The results showed that there was no significant difference in the expression levels of U6 in the IgAN group, disease control group and normal group
Summary
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world and is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in China[1]. Urinary sediment miRNAs directly originate when passing through the kidney tissue They have many clinical advantages, such as being non-invasive and easy to obtain. Urinary sediment miRNAs are able to serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for IgA nephropathy[7] but may be closely related to several clinical and pathological indicators[6,8] that can predict therapeutic efficacy and disease progression. U6 has been used as an internal reference gene in renal tissue[17], cell lines[18] and peripheral blood mononuclear cells[10] in kidney disease patients. No data are available concerning reference genes for urinary sediment miRNAs in IgAN patients, and a study with both healthy controls and disease controls is lacking. U6 could be suitable as an internal reference gene in the study of urinary sediment miRNAs
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