Abstract
BackgroundRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an autoimmune disease where cross reactive CD4+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of valvular damage. Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G), an immunosuppressive molecule playing a crucial role in the inhibition of T cell response is associated with the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Genetic polymorphisms within the 3′untranslated region (UTR) of HLA-G influences its expression and thus disease pathogenesis. Hence, the present study aims to unravel the association of 14 bp Ins/Del (rs66554220) and +3142 C/G (rs1063320) polymorphisms in 3′ UTR of HLA-G with RHD.MethodsThis familial study consists of 99 RHD families (99 RHD patients, 140 parents and 126 healthy siblings). The 14 bp Ins/Del and +3142 C/G polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR using sequence specific primers and its transmission disequilibrium (TD) was tested by TD test in 70 trio families.ResultsThe frequency of +3142 C/C genotype was high in patients with combined valvular lesions (CVL) (OR = 5.88; pc = 0.012) and pooled RHD patients (P: OR = 2.76; p = 0.043; pc = 0.076) when compared to healthy siblings. Under the additive (OR = 5.50; pc = 0.026) and recessive genetic model (OR = 5.88; pc = 0.012), the +3142 C/C genotype was significantly associated with CVL in patients.ConclusionThe results suggest that the +3142 C/C genotype may be associated with minor risk for the development of RHD and is more likely to influence the severity of the disease.
Highlights
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an autoimmune disease where cross reactive CD4+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of valvular damage
Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) In the present study, 70 trio families were included for TDT analysis (Table 2)
The limitation of the present study in ascertaining the definite role of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) in RHD could be due to the lack of soluble HLA-G quantification, thereby causing difficulty to correlate the influence of 3’Untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms on HLA-G expression. In conclusion, in this pilot study we analysed for the first time the association of HLA G 3’prime UTR polymorphism in the development of RHD and the results suggest that the +3142 C/C genotype may influence the development of RHD and subsequent severity of the disease
Summary
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an autoimmune disease where cross reactive CD4+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of valvular damage. Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G), an immunosuppressive molecule playing a crucial role in the inhibition of T cell response is associated with the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. HLA-G is a non-classical class-I HLA molecule associated with anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties [10, 11] which interacts with inhibitory receptors (ILT2/ILT4/KIR2DL4) present on various immune cells. It inhibits proliferation of B cells, T cells and natural killer cells; and induces regulatory T cells (T-reg) [12,13,14,15].
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