Abstract
BackgroundCardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are recognized as the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. In recent years eating speed (ES) has been of particular interest since some studies have associated it with the development of obesity and CMD. However, the different impact of the ES at which main meals are eaten on the risk of developing these diseases has not yet been identified. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of ES at the main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) on the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension) in middle-aged Caucasian subjects with obesity.MethodsFor this purpose we carried out a cross-sectional, observational study. One hundred and eighty-seven middle-aged subjects aged 43.6 ± 16 years were enrolled of which anthropometric parameters and lifestyle habits were studied. A dietary interview was performed to collect information about meal duration and eating habits at the main meals. According to median value of meal duration, meals were classified in two groups: fast eating group (FEG) and slow eating group (SEG).ResultsThe prevalence of dyslipidaemia was more than twice in FEG compared to SEG at lunch and dinner. For all main meals, FEG had a significantly higher risk of dyslipidaemia than SEG (p < 0.05) in unadjusted model. However, when the model was adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use and medication, the result remained significant for lunch and dinner (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that fast eating increases at lunch and dinner increase the risk of developing dyslipidaemia in obesity.
Highlights
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are recognized as the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries [1]
It has been highlighted that the number and/ or the time and/or the eating speed (ES) of meals might influence the risk of developing abdominal obesity and obesity related CMD [8,9,10]
Recruitment consisted of an informational interview in which the details of the research were explained to the subjects, and they were encouraged to participate in the study
Summary
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are recognized as the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries [1] Lifestyle habits such as smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy dietary composition have been identified as modifiable risk factors for CMD [2,3,4]. Most of these unhealthy behaviours are associated with an increased oxidative stress that is known to have detrimental effects on cardiovascular system [5, 6]. In recent years eating speed (ES) has been of particular interest since some studies have associated it with the development of obesity and CMD. We aimed to investigate the effect of ES at the main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) on the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension) in middle-aged Caucasian subjects with obesity
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