\u201cAcorns and berries afford me sufficient nourishment\u201d: an ecocritical reading of the monstrous in Mary Shelley\u2019s Frankenstein and Patrick Ness\u2019s A Monster Calls

Abstract

Monster stories, however old they may be, still prove to be very fruitful when read in an ecocritical context. Monsters can be saviours, too: they have not yet lost their warning powers, and they still sneak around in modern retellings of the myths that prove how dire the consequences of wasting resources have long been in our story-telling traditions. Thus, the monstrous clearly offers powerful, anxiety-inducing images that must be of interest in contemporary attempts to revise our story-telling to a more eco-friendly mode. Indeed, Frankenstein’s monster, a vegetarian proud to be able to live without consuming animal food, a being torn between wanting to do good but committing evil instead, may be said to embody contemporary environmental concerns. If we read the monster as a natural “Being” (to use Percy Shelley’s term), however unnaturally created, he takes on a different role, one that ties him to the myth of Prometheus in ways that have not yet been explored. Moreover, he does have overtones of the Green Man, too, and in that shape, he can be connected to a more recent monster, that employed by Patrick Ness in A Monster Calls. Monsters, no doubt about it, are scary creatures when they make us face the truth about who we are, and what we do to the earth. This paper considers some of the tensions raised by the paradox of the monstrous ‘saviour’ from an ecocritical perspective.