Abstract
Abstract The U. S. Navy Fleet Numerical Weather Central (FNWC) operational, global, primitive-equation model (GPEM) is described. It is an extension of the Northern Hemisphere model (NHPEM) described by Kesel and Winninghoff. The GPEM uses a staggered, spherical, sigma-coordinate system with real input data which is interpolated to the sigma surfaces. The streamfunction obtained from the solution of the full balance equation is used to determine the initial velocity field. Fourth-order spatial differencing and centered time differencing are used for all the cases described in this paper. In addition to Euler-backward differencing, a combination of Arakawa's Fourier frequency-amplitude modification scheme and three-point method is used to maintain computational stability at each latitude ring. The calculations of the heating and moisture, source-sink terms and friction in the present version of the GPEM are quite similar to the NHPEM. The only substantial change in these computations involves the parameter...
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