Abstract
ObjectivesAddictions are not restricted to substance-use disorders, and it is now widely recognized that they also include behavioral addictions. Certain individuals with eating disorders also experiment their disorder as an addiction. The objective was to identify typologies of patients presenting with various behavioral addictions or eating disorders according to their evolution within the framework of care, and to specify the factors associated with the differential clinical trajectories.MethodsWe included 302 patients presenting with problem gambling, sexual addiction, compulsive buying, excessive videogame use or eating disorders. The patients completed a multiaxial assessment through a face-to-face structured interview and self-administered questionnaires, including sociodemographic and addiction-related characteristics, psychiatric and addictive comorbidities and several psychological characteristics. The assessment was performed at inclusion and then repeated after 6 and 12 months. The statistical analysis included a combination of growth mixture models and latent class analysis.ResultsWe identified five classes of patients with different profiles related to their trajectories during a one-year period of specialized care: “complex patients”, “patients with impulsive psychological functioning”, “patients with cooperative psychological functioning”, “patients with immature psychological functioning,” and “patients with resilient psychological functioning”.ConclusionsThe typology obtained brings interesting findings to propose patient-centered care strategies adapted to these disorders. Because the typology was independent from the type of disorder, it supports the general concept of behavioral addictions, and the similarities between eating disorders and behavioral addictions. The relevance of this model should be further examined in future studies.
Highlights
Addictions are not restricted to substance use disorders, and it is widely recognized that they include behavioral addictions (BAs), such as gambling disorder, sexual addiction, or compulsive buying [1, 2]
We identified five classes of patients with different profiles related to their trajectories during a one-year period of specialized care: “complex patients”, “patients with impulsive psychological functioning”, “patients with cooperative psychological functioning”, “patients with immature psychological functioning,” and “patients with resilient psychological functioning”
The typology obtained brings interesting findings to propose patient-centered care strategies adapted to these disorders
Summary
Addictions are not restricted to substance use disorders, and it is widely recognized that they include behavioral addictions (BAs), such as gambling disorder, sexual addiction, or compulsive buying [1, 2]. The inclusion of excessive videogame use under BA has been debated [3], even if the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder in the DSM-5 largely overlap with the concept of addiction [4]. The addiction becomes the center of the addict’s existence, exposing him secondarily to multiple and severe types of damage (suicide, debt, isolation, etc.). Such definition may overlap with EDs [5]
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