Abstract
Studying on archaeological material the history of the Kazan Kremlin which was included in the list of UNESCO in 2000 is an actual problem because of the limited written sources remained. The aim of the work is to study the features of trade and craft traditions of the late Middle Ages Kazan on the example of ceramic artifacts. The authors applied a complex of analytic methods which included morphology and element composition of glaze: samples of glazed ceramics with green, brown and blue glaze. The chemical composition of glaze of three ceramics samples was determined in the article by two methods. They are the emission spectroscopy and the method of electron microscopy. The good comparability of analytical data of two independent methods is shown in the article. Both advantages and disadvantages of each type of the analysis are given. The data on a chemical composition in the article show that two samples of the glaze is lead, the third sample is lead-tin with an addition of ash (that is sodium and potassium). Results of the article revealed an optimal range of analytical procedures for the studying of glazed ceramics and may be useful as methodical material for archeometric researches.
Highlights
Expressive archeological findings of medieval archaeological monuments are samples of the glazed vessels possessing considerable potential
The data on a chemical composition in the article show that two samples of the glaze is lead, the third sample is lead-tin with an addition of ash
Addressing to analogies it is necessary to note that the products similar to artifacts from excavations of the Kazan Kremlin are found in numbers on the monuments of the Golden Horde Volga-Kama regions
Summary
Expressive archeological findings of medieval archaeological monuments are samples of the glazed vessels possessing considerable potential. Studying this type of artifacts gives information about time and place of production of the revealed vessels that allows determining the areas of commercial relations and in some cases to establish the level and features of production technologies development. A group of glazed ceramics occurring predominantly from the late period of the Golden Horde and beddings of the Kazan Khanate was out of this research (Sitdikov, 2006). This category of glazed ware consists of 107 fragments found in twenty one excavations during the period from 1994 to 2001. A significant amount of it was available in collections of the Iske-Kazansky memorial estate from excavations of the Kamayevsky ancient settlement and Russkourmatsky settlement, but access to materials for a number of reasons is closed (Kokorina, 1990)
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