TYPOLOGY OF BUILDINGS OF POLTAVA IN THE LATE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

The article is devoted to the typological development of Poltava architecture of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The study period includes intensive economic, cultural and social development of the city, which directly influenced the expansion of the typology of buildings. First of all, the city was built up by public buildings, which provided all spheres of public life -administrative, financial, commercial, educational, medical institutions and establishments. Their typological varieties depended on economic, political, social and cultural factors. Thus, the development of the economy contributed to the spread of financial and commercial institutions. The revival of cultural and social life led to the emergence of educational buildings, theaters, libraries. The development of education has influenced the creation of an extensive system of educational institutions. Local self-government demanded new administrative buildings. In parallel with public buildings, dwelling has developed intensively. Its typology reflected the class structure of society. A mansion became a common type of urban housing for the wealthy. In the development of Poltava, town mansions on a par with other types of buildings formed a compositional - spatial environment of the central part of the city.A characteristic, special type of housing for became an apartment house. The buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries still make up a significant part of the central part of the city. On the basis of archival, scientific, literary sources and field surveys, the objects of the studied period are identified, their functional purpose is analyzed and a register of types of buildings depending on the time of construction is compiled. This work can be used in the further study of the architecture of Poltava of the late XIX - early XX centuries, to become a basis for studying the stylistic and compositional features of the architecture of the city of the studied period.