Abstract
Typification is a well-established operator of map generalization. Although it is widely used in many existing research fields, less discussion has been devoted to the quality of typification. This paper presents a user survey for the evaluation of different typification results of façade structures under different constraints. The survey shows that preservation of the shape of the features is the most important constraint for a reasonable typification process, which has also been quantitatively verified by calculating the similarities between the typified façades and the original façade using attributed relational graph (ARG) and nested earth mover’s distance (NEMD) algorithms. Based on that, an algorithm is developed to generate perceivably reasonable representation from the original facade with decreasing map scale. The algorithm is implemented and tested on a number of façades. Experiments reveal that the typification can be automatically conducted and can create results which are well associated with the original façades.
Highlights
Generalization of building objects has been a topic in recent years because (1) the efficient rendering of building objects requires representation of buildings at different levels of detail (LoDs); and (2) for the visualization of buildings on small display devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, etc., abstractive buildings models have to be generated
Since Staufenbiel [1] proposed a rule-based approach for the simplification of 2D building ground plan, a number of algorithms have been made available for generalization of building models
The early works focused on developing techniques for generalizing building ground plans in 2D [2,3,4,5]
Summary
Generalization of building objects has been a topic in recent years because (1) the efficient rendering of building objects requires representation of buildings at different levels of detail (LoDs); and (2) for the visualization of buildings on small display devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, etc., abstractive buildings models have to be generated. Since Staufenbiel [1] proposed a rule-based approach for the simplification of 2D building ground plan, a number of algorithms have been made available for generalization of building models. Kada [9] extended Sester’s approach [6] He developed rules to remove structures that were too small in the 3D polyhedron at first adjust the simplified building to its original shape. Kada [13,14] proposed a structurally similar approach He defined parts of simplified buildings as intersections of half-planes based on which cell decomposition and primitive instancing are applied. In order to verify the results of the user survey, Attributed Relational Graphs (ARGs) are generated from the original dataset and the candidate representation after typification.
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