Abstract
Based on the mechanical motion equation, Gauss’s law, and the current continuity condition, we study a few typical transient effects in a piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) fiber to realize the startup and turning-off functions of common piezotronic devices. In this study, the transient extensional vibration induced by a suddenly applied axial time-dependent force is examined in a cantilevered n-type ZnO nanofiber. Neither the magnitude of the loadings nor the doping concentration significantly affects the propagation caused by disturbance of the axial displacement. However, both of the factors play an important role in the propagation caused by disturbance of the electron concentrations. This indicates that the electromechanical coupling effect can be expected to directly determine the electronic performance of the devices. In addition, the assumption of previous simplified models which neglect the charge carriers in Gauss’s law is discussed, showing that this assumption has a little influence on the startup state when the doping concentration is smaller than 1021 m−3. This suggests that the screening effect of the carriers on the polarized electric field is much reduced in this situation, and that the state is gradually transforming into a pure piezoelectric state. Nevertheless, the carriers can provide a damping effect, which means that the previous simplified models do not sufficiently describe the turning-off state. The numerical results show that the present study has referential value with respect to the design of newly multifunctional PS devices.
Highlights
Piezoelectric semiconductors (PSs) have recently attracted widespread interest for the design of multifunctional devices owing to their additional piezoelectric properties[1] compared with c The Author(s) 2021Wanli YANG and Yuxing LIANG general Si semiconductors
The transient vibration analysis with a time-independent stimulus was recently reported. These studies showed that the use of external triggers as stimulus determines the transient behaviors of PS devices in addition to the above-mentioned intrinsic factors[29,30]
Selected typical transient effects are accurately analyzed by applying time-dependent ending forces to a ZnO fiber
Summary
Piezoelectric semiconductors (PSs) have recently attracted widespread interest for the design of multifunctional devices owing to their additional piezoelectric properties[1] compared with. It is well known that the time-dependent behaviors of PS structures are more important to the devices than the above-mentioned static ones, for example, in applications such as frequency generation/operation, telecommunication, time keeping, and sensing[17]. The transient vibration analysis with a time-independent stimulus was recently reported These studies showed that the use of external triggers as stimulus determines the transient behaviors of PS devices in addition to the above-mentioned intrinsic factors[29,30]. It is noted that the approximate analytical solutions can be obtained by neglecting part of weak interactions as reported in Refs. The approximately theoretical analysis is presented in Appendix A as a comparison
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