Abstract
Odorous air emissions from confined animal feeding operation are causing public nuisance. Accordingly, different odor mitigation technologies were designed, developed, and evaluated in the last decades to reduce odor emissions. The purpose of this paper is to review the previous research related to odor mitigation from swine rearing facilities and provide information on the effectiveness of currently available and emerging odor mitigation technologies. This review focused on odor mitigation approaches at different stages of swine production, manure storage and handling, and land application. Several odor mitigation technologies have been suggested and evaluated including diet manipulation, solid-liquid separation, additives, aeration, anaerobic digestion, lagoon covers, biofilters, acid scrubbing, shelterbelts, and manure injection. The effectiveness of these mitigation technologies varied widely; however, diet manipulation, biofilters, shelterbelts, and direct injection of manure have shown advantages over other odor mitigation methods. Diet manipulation is the first line of defense for odor mitigation. Biofilters and shelterbelts provide solutions for treating the odorous air before releasing to atmosphere, whereas additives, lagoon covers, aeration, and anaerobic digestion reduce or control odor emissions during manure storage and treatment. Direct injection of manure provides ultimate disposal solution and can reduce odor significantly compared to surface application.
Highlights
Due to intensive livestock farming, a large amount of animal excreta is produced in a smaller area that can lead to air pollution problem including excessive odors and gaseous emissions
Hao et al [50] studied the effects of Dried Grain with Solubles (DDGS) on feces and manure composition in feedlot cattle and they observed that as the ratios of wheat DDGS (e.g., 0, 20, 40, and 60%) in animal diet increased (40 and 60% wheat DDGS), the likelihood of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) increased, which led to an increase of odors produced from the breakdown of fiber and protein [14]
Odor dispersion from livestock facilities is a complicated process that mainly depends on the production system types, stocking density, season, localized weather patterns, terrain, and receptor locations relative to the production areas
Summary
Due to intensive livestock farming, a large amount of animal excreta (i.e., faeces, urine, undigested feed, etc.) is produced in a smaller area that can lead to air pollution problem including excessive odors and gaseous emissions. As livestock and poultry operations expand, concentrated odor complaints from the neighbouring communities increase. Odors are a nuisance in the nearby community because of the persistent repulsive smell and potential health risks [2]. Odor management is a limiting factor for modifying and expanding an existing swine facility or establishing a new one, as well as for the sustainability, productivity, and profitability of this industry [5]. It has been postulated that the future of the swine industry will largely and collectively depend on technologies that are able to mitigate odor effectively [6,7]. The purpose of this paper is to present different aspects of odor from livestock production facilities, especially from swine operations, and available technologies to mitigate odor nuisance
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
