Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives The aims of this retrospective study were to investigate the types of traumatic dental injury recorded in an oral health service within a ten-year period and to report the type of surface against which the traumatic dental injury occurred. Methods Dental records from children assisted in the Dental Trauma Clinic at the Rio de Janeiro State University’s School of Dentistry, between 2006 and 2016, were analyzed. Only those records who had registered some type of trauma in the primary anterior teeth (incisors and canines) and aged 0-96 months at the time of trauma were considered eligible for the study. Results Four hundred and eighty-three dental records were included, totalizing 786 traumatized teeth. The average age when traumatic dental injury occurred was 37.25 months (±18.62). Enamel fractures (32.8%) and intrusive luxations (45.6%) were the most prevalent types of trauma. The majority of traumas occurred against ceramic surfaces (34%). The greatest number of teeth with lateral luxation were the ones that hit against a ceramic surface (p=0.014; U Mann-Whitney test). According to this study, the most prevalent type of trauma in the dental tissue and pulp was enamel fracture and in the periodontal tissue was intrusive luxation. The majority of traumas occurred due to falls, at home and against ceramic surfaces. Conclusion The results showed that a high frequency of the lateral luxation was associated to a traumatic impact against ceramic surfaces.
Highlights
Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is considered a public health problem due to its high prevalence, occurrence at a young age, long-term involvement of the child and caretakers and costs due to follow-ups
Retrospective studies help to develop preventive programs [21], which are necessary to reduce the frequency of TDIs in preschool children [22]
Anterior teeth, including incisors and canines, in children ranging from zero to 8 years of age are most studied in TDI to the primary dentition [18,23]
Summary
Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is considered a public health problem due to its high prevalence, occurrence at a young age, long-term involvement of the child and caretakers and costs due to follow-ups. Dental traumas happen mostly in children between 1 and 3 years of age [2,3,4]. The severity of TDIs depends on the impact strength [14]. This force can be determined by some properties of objects against which teeth hit, such as: mass, velocity, and resiliency [15]. Besides the knowledge of aetiology, place and moment of the accident [16], the type of surface against which teeth hit can help dentists in the diagnosis and in the treatment. Schools, streets as places of accidents [4,17], none of them have reported types of surfaces
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