Types of research output profiles: A multilevel latent class analysis of the Austrian Science Fund's final project report data

Abstract

Starting out from a broad concept of research output, this article looks at the question as to what research outputs can typically be expected from certain disciplines. Based on a secondary analysis of data from final project reports (ex post research evaluation) at the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Austria’s central funding organization for basic research, the goals are (1) to find, across all scientific disciplines, types of funded research projects with similar research output profiles; and (2) to classify the scientific disciplines in homogeneous segments bottom-up according to the frequency distribution of these research output profiles. The data comprised 1,742 completed, FWF-funded research projects across 22 scientific disciplines. The multilevel latent class (LC) analysis produced four LCs or types of research output profiles: ‘Not Book’, ‘Book and Non-Reviewed Journal Article’, ‘Multiple Outputs’, and ‘Journal Article, Conference Contribution, and Career Development’. The class membership can be predicted by three covariates: project duration, requested grant sum, and project head’s age. In addition, five segments of disciplines can be distinguished: ‘Life Sciences and Medicine’, ‘Social Sciences/Arts and Humanities’, ‘Formal Sciences’, ‘Technical Sciences’, and ‘Physical Sciences’. In ‘Social Sciences/Arts and Humanities’ almost all projects are of the type ‘Book and Non-Reviewed Journal Article’, but, vice versa, not all projects of the ‘Book and Non-reviewed Journal Article’ type are in the ‘Social Sciences/Arts and Humanities’ segment. The research projects differ not only qualitatively in their output profile; they also differ quantitatively, so that projects can be ranked according to amount of output.