Abstract
Motion, whether voluntary, involuntary, or physiological, is a greater potential issue in MR relative to any other clinical imaging modality, primarily given the longer acquisition times needed for MR. Given the unique aspects inherent to the creation of the final MR image, specifically regarding the pattern of k -space sampling (i.e., Cartesian or non-Cartesian), the phase-encoding and frequency-encoding axes, and the timing of motion relative to imaging, motion artifacts are relatively complex yet common. Its presence on the final image typically manifests as ghosting or blurring. Motion artifacts’ effect on the final image quality also depends heavily on the organ system in question, with the number of parameters required to describe the motion, the periodicity of the object generating the motion, and the deformability of the organ, all impacting how motion artifacts appear on the reconstructed image. Understanding these factors, in addition to a few examples unique to specific sequences (i.e., ASL, fMRI, EPI), will prepare the radiologist for understanding and mitigating motion artifacts.
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