Types of anatomic relationship between left main coronary artery and pulmonary sinus of Valsalva: Implications for balloon pulmonary angioplasty and catheter ablation in the pulmonary root

Abstract

BackgroundConcerns have been raised upon the risk of left main coronary artery (LMCA) injury when balloon angioplasty or ablation is performed within the pulmonary sinus of Valsalva (PSV). ObjectiveTo investigate the LMCA and PSV anatomic relationship (LMCA-PSVar) variants potentially susceptible to procedure complication. MethodsWe retrospectively studied 100 consecutive patients undergoing computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). Three types of LMCA-PSVar were observed on the basis of the relative location between the LMCA ostium and left pulmonary sinus of Valsalva (LPSV): type 1, intimate contact between the LMCA ostium and LSPV; type 2, LMCA ostium opposite to LPSV and the proximal part coursing anteriorly around LSPV; and type 3, no contact between LMCA ostium and LSPV. ResultsLMCA-PSVar types 1, 2, and 3 were present in 20(20%), 43(43%), and 37(37%) patients, respectively. For the three types of LMCA-PSVar, the minimal distance between LMCA and LPSV was 1.66 ± 0.53 mm, 4.63 ± 1.64 mm and 8.24 ± 1.65 mm, and the distance ≤5 mm were in 100%, 87% and 9% patients, respectively. Additionally, the distance from right coronary artery (RCA) to right pulmonary sinus of Valsalva (RPSV)/RVOT was ≤5 mm in 71 patients (71%). ConclusionThe LMCA is intimately related to LPSV in majority of patients (mainly involving the types 1 and 2), whereas the RCA is often close to RPSV/RVOT. These anatomic features pose potential vulnerability to coronary injury, and should be heightened to avoid complications in this area.