Types and Distribution of Fetal Congenital Anomaly and their Maternal Characteristics in High Risk Pregnancy Unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital anomaly is one of the important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Proper information regarding its prevalence, distribution as well as risk factors can help policy makers to take appropriate steps for prevention. Materials and Methods: A hospital record based observational study was done in Obstetric department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during the year of 2020. The aim of the study is to evaluate the pattern of anomaly found in admitted patients in Maternal Fetal Medicine unit, along with the maternal demographic profile and associated diseases. After taking ethical clearance and permission from department detailed information was collected and analysis was done. Results: In the year 2020 total 6012 delivery was occurred and 4.42% of them were anomalous baby. The maternal characteristics showed that mean maternal age was 26.24(±5.25) years. 20.7% of mother had previous history of abortion, 7.7% has previous perinatal death and 3.3% have previous anomalous baby. 5.49% mother had Diabetic disorders and 4.39% had congenital heart disease. Associated poly hydramnios was found in 17.7% and oligohydramnios was found in 12.1% of cases. The distribution pattern of anomalies according to system involved showed that 41.7% was Central Nervous System anomaly, 8.7% was Renal anomaly, 6.5% was Musculoskeletal anomaly, 4.4% was Gastrointestinal anomaly,6.6% had body wall defect , 10.9 % was Non immune Hydrops, 3.3% was Syndromic baby and 13.1% had multiple congenital anomaly. Conclusion: It is a tertiary hospital based study. So it may not reflect the actual picture of population. So community based study is needed for further advancement.