Type specimens of Tipulidae described by R.W. Doane in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences

THE early naturalists who led us into this modern age of biology, such as Darwin, Wallace and Cuvier, tinkered rather little with nature. Mostly, they looked, described, thought and hypothesized. Then they returned to nature to check their ideas. Always at the center of their thoughts lay the organism in nature. That method has been supplanted largely by a wave of science based upon experiments with living things. Where the earlier naturalist trained his eyes to see the sublety of his subjects the experimentalist of today may be more in tune with instruments than with animals. The man whom we salute here is living proof that the methods-simple ones, it seems-of the earlier naturalists are as valid today as they ever were. Carl L. Hubbs has reached the highest pinnacles of recognition in his field: election to the National Academy of Sciences (1952); receipt of the Joseph Leidy Award and Medal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (1964); membership in the Linnaean Society of London (1965); the Henry Russell Award at Michigan (192930); the Fellows Medal of the California Academy of Sciences (1966); the American Fisheries Society Award of Excellence (1973); and the Shinkishi Hatai Medal of Japan (1971), for the most remarkable contribution to marine biology in the Pacific. Named in his honor have been five genera of fishes, one of lichens, 22 species of fishes, one bird, one whale, two molluscs, one crab, three cave arthropods, two insects, three species of algae, one species of lichen and one very dry Nevada lake.1 His works continue to be modern in every respect and he has used the observational approach

The distributional history of Bufo debilis insidior Garman and Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi Grobman in Kansas is examined. Several records of each species are eliminated from the state. While the presence of B. debilis in the state is considered valid, the presence of 0. vernalis in Kansas is questionable. The distributional status of several of the rarer species of reptiles and amphibians in Kansas is not clearly understood (Rundquist and Collins, 1977; Rundquist, 1977; Collins, 1974). Recent information has been obtained that may further elucidate the status of two species (Bufo debilis and Opheodrys vernalis) in the state, and is presented below. Museum designations for specimens are as follows: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP), California Academy of Science (CAS), Kansas State University (KSC), University of Kansas (KU), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (MCZ), University of Michigan (UMMZ). Bufo debilis insidior Girard Western Green Toad Smith (1932) published the first extensive account on Bufo debilis in Kansas. He listed records for Greeley, Grant, Hamilton, Logan, Morton, and Barber counties. These records were further substantiated in an unpublished distributional work by Brumwell (ca. 1933). The Barber and Hamilton county records were based on literature records by Cragin (1894). Cragin evidently preserved no specimens of this species from Kansas. His comments are as follows, 'The species was observed a few days later in great abundance and activity (during rainy weather) in Morton county, Kansas, and the southern part of Hamilton county. I have also collected a single specimen in the western part of Barber county, Kansas, also. Two of Smith's records were based on specimens that no longer exist. He based the Greeley County record on 'K.U., 1 spec. This specimen cannot be located in the herpetological collection or catalogue at the Museum of Natural History at the University of Kansas. The Logan County record is based on KSC 50This content downloaded from 157.55.39.27 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 05:55:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 55. The collection at Kansas State University, Manhattan (formerly Kansas State College), no longer exists (J. T. Collins, pers. comm.). Collins (1974) lists records for Morton, Grant, Greeley, and Logan counties. Preserved specimens of B. d. insidior exist for Morton, Grant, and Logan counties. A specimen in the collection at the California Academy of Science (CAS 17266) formerly listed as B. d. insidior is actually an example of Bufo w. woodhousei. Although Collins listed a Greeley County record, this was due to a printing error, as he had previously identified that specimen (CAS 17266) as B. woodhousei. The Logan County record is based on one specimen in the University of Michigan collection (UMMZ 67442), not the KSU collection as previously reported. The exact locality and collector of this specimen are unknown. Thus, three valid county records for this toad are available from the state: Logan, Grant, and Morton counties. It is possible that the western green toad does occur in Hamilton and Greeley counties, but until voucher specimens from these counties are found, they should be considered valid rec-

American AnthropologistVolume 116, Issue 1 p. 244-247 OBITUARY Linda S. Cordell (1943–2013) Judith A. Habicht-Mauche, Judith A. Habicht-Mauche [email protected] http://anthro.ucsc.edu/faculty/index.php Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064Search for more papers by this author Judith A. Habicht-Mauche, Judith A. Habicht-Mauche [email protected] http://anthro.ucsc.edu/faculty/index.php Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064Search for more papers by this author First published: 24 March 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12086Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume116, Issue1March 2014Pages 244-247 RelatedInformation

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Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840) proposed about 2700 generic names and over 6700 binomials in approximately 1000 known publications. His herbarium at one time supposedly contained some 50,000 specimens, but after his death part of it was destroyed by rats, and Elias Durand, who eventually purchased the collection, discarded virtually all of the specimens. Because of these circumstances, plant taxonomists have had difficulty in typifying Rafinesque’s names. This paper summarizes the information on the labels of 275 specimens of Rafinesque’s vascular plants from the United States and Canada that are known to exist at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. These specimens come from four sources: (1) Rafinesque’s own herbarium, (2) Charles Wilkins Short’s herbarium, (3) the William Hembel collection, and (4) the herbarium of Rev. Lewis David von Schweinitz. Of the 275 specimens still extant, 51 (18.5%) are considered to be possible types. These type specimens are enumerated with (1) the complete data on the specimen, (2) the original source herbarium, and in most cases (3) the current accepted name of the taxon.

Brevisiphonaphis hirsutissima gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in northeast China on Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot (Asteraceae). The genus is illustrated with the biometric data for apterous viviparous females. This aphid genus is closely related to Microsiphum Cholodkovsky, 1902 and Microsiphoniella Hille Ris Lambers, 1947. Type specimens are deposited at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, and at the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia.

The First Edition of Holbrook's North American Herpetology

Introduction For many years past the author has studied the later Mesozoic deposits of California, Oregon, and other western States, and more recently he has reworked some of their more complete sections in the Coast Ranges of California. From all parts of the succession, large collections of fossils have been made; these have been deposited in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, where they have been studied in part. In this work the author has had the cordial cooperation of Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, curator of paleontology at the Academy of Sciences; Dr. Olaf P. Jenkins, of the State Division of Mines, and various other friends. The facilities and the support of the Academy of Sciences have greatly aided, not only in the field work and in the collection of materials, but also in the library work and the study necessary in the preparation of the present contribution. In . . .

While preparing a review of the bivalve mollusk fauna of the Panamic Province, we encountered a conspicuous, colorful species of the genus Chama Linnaeus, 1758, that could not be identified with any named species. After examining type specimens at The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), the United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM), the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP), the California Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM), and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (SBMNH), we have concluded that this species is new to science.

Aside from its value as an aid in determining the age of Tertiary beds, the chief interest of the genus Clementia lies in the anomalous features of its present and former distribution. An attempt is made in this paper to trace its geologic history, to point out its paleobiologic significance, and to describe all the known American Tertiary species. The fossils from Colombia used in preparing this report were collected during explorations made under the direction of Dr. 0. B. Hopkins, chief geologist of the Imperial Oil Co. (Ltd.), who kindly donated them to the United States National Museum. Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, furnished information relating to specimens collected by him in Mexico. Dr. Bruce L. Clark, of the University of California; Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, of the California Academy of Sciences; Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences; and Dr. W. D. Matthew, of the American Museum of Natural History, generously loaned type specimens and other material. Doctor Clark and Doctor Hanna also gave information concerning the Tertiary species from California. Mr. Ralph B. Stewart, of the University of California, read the manuscript, and I have taken advantage of his suggestions. I am also indebted to Mr. L. R. Cox, of the British Museum, for information relating to the fossil species from Persia, Zanzibar, and Burma, and to Dr. Axel A. Olsson, of the International Petroleum Co., for data concerning undescribed Tertiary species from Peru.

The most recent listing of the Oecanthinae of the world is in Volume 2 of Kirby's Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (1906, p. 72-76). Since then the number of described species has doubled and studies of the species in Africa (Chopard 1932), the United States (T. Walker 1962a, 1963), and Latin America (T. Walker 1967) have revealed new synonymies. The list below summarizes present knowledge of oecanthine taxonomy, nomenclature, and geographic distribution. Keys to the species of Oecanthinae in specific areas are in the studies listed above and in Tarbinsky (1932, USSR), Chopard (1936, Ceylon), and Chopard (1951, Australia). Little has been published on the biology of Oecanthinae with the exception of Oecanthus pellucens of Europe (Chopard 1938, M.-C. Busnel 1954, M.-C. and R.-G. Busnel 1954) and various U. S. species (Fulton 1915, 1925, 1926a, 1926b; T. Walker 1957, 1962a, 1962b, 1963). The following conventions are used in the checklist: After the word Type, a single asterisk (*) means that the condition and place of deposit of the type specimen were confirmed by correspondence. A double asterisk (**) means that I have examined the type specimen. Data concerning the present status of the type specimen are separated by a semi-colon from data on the place and date of collection and the collector. Abbreviations are used for the following museums: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (ANSP); British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, England (BM); Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark (Copenhagen); Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland (Genrve); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (Paris); Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden (Stockholm); University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (UMMZ); United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. (USNM). Immediately after each synonym and its reference, a reference to substantiate the synonymy is given.

Since 1870, ichthyologists have pondered Edward Drinker Cope’s two publications: “On some Etheostomine Perch from Tennessee and North Carolina” and “A Partial Synopsis of the Fishes of the Fresh Waters of North Carolina”, along with correspondences to his father while traveling in North Carolina. We transcribed and annotated four of his letters searching for further knowledge regarding his field notebook(s) and original data (meristics, morphometrics, life coloration, etc.) from his travels across NC during Summer and Fall of 1869. However, unresolved questions remained - many related to unaccounted for periods of time. We did not achieve insights into who helped him with his collections. The loss of some of his larger specimens or their unavailability to be re-examined by Cope at a later date, lead us to question if Cope hastily wrote some of the descriptions in the field, or wrote them from memory afterwards in his lodging, or did he write them in a field notebook? We did not discover the existence or whereabouts of field notes or field book. We surmised he did record field notes and original data, because he could not have remembered meristic counts and which data went with which species after encountering a myriad of specimens in the field. We marveled how Cope was able to successfully achieve the rapidity in naming, writing, and publishing shortly after his trip. We concluded Cope must have been extremely impatient and perhaps consumed by his more important paleontological interests when writing two fish manuscripts in a short period of time. Cope’s two publications resulting from this trip laid a foundation for all ensuing studies of NC’s freshwater fish fauna the past 151 years. Of the 242 described species of freshwater fish in NC 45 were described by him between 1865-1871. He described 25 species from his NC trip of which 15 species are presently considered valid; the other species having since been synonymized. Cope recounted collecting 91 described and undescribed species from NC during his trip, excluding four genera, Acipenser, Carpiodes, Ictiobus, and Sander (Stizostedion), whose specimens were lost, unavailable, or unseen. We accounted for all of the species and specimens he had collected during this trip. Lots, totaling 138, representing 63 species and 943 specimens were subsequently curated at Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, the National Museum of Natural History, and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. No additional lots were found at other museums. Various type specimens are represented in 49 lots, with the remaining 89 lots representing non-type specimens.

James Bond (1900–1989), an ornithologist at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), authored 150 publications dealing with the ornithology of the West Indies and the Americas. His “Field Guide to the Birds of the West Indies” was published beginning in 1947, with many subsequent editions. Between 1927 and 1977 he scientifically described 63 bird taxa, the types of which are located at ANSP and United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM). All his publications and type specimens are listed in this first James Bond bibliography.

Only 2 of Alexander Wilson's (1766–1813) study skins are known to exist in modern collections with data confirming their provenance. Both are type specimens, preserved at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (ANSP), and are among the most precious artifacts of American science. In 2018, I discovered a third Wilson type in the ANSP collection with a note from John Cassin (1813–1869) confirming its provenance. This paper describes the discovery and rediscovery of the type specimen of Wilson's “variety of the Black Hawk” (Falco niger), overlooked by ornithologists and historians for more than 150 yr. Nomenclature is unaffected because F. niger Wilson is a synonym of Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan 1763), the Rough-legged Hawk.

Alexander Wilson (1766–1813) based his description of the "Slate-colored Hawk / Falco atricapillus" (=Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) on a single specimen collected near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which he deposited for posterity in the Philadelphia (Peale) Museum. Wilson's illustration of the specimen was engraved and hand-colored prints were published in American Ornithology vol. 6 (1812b, Pl. 52) to accompany his scientific description of the species. However, the path of Wilson's type specimens became difficult to trace after the Peale Museum closed in 1846 and its collections were sold and dispersed. Wilson's holotype of F. atricapillus was presumed lost or destroyed until November 2020, when I rediscovered it in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (ANSP), thanks to a penciled note made by the late Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, former ANSP curator of birds. This research also sheds new light on the history of the Peale Museum bird collection, exposing a basic misunderstanding about the "Peale numbers" cited by Wilson, which has broad implications for the history of American ornithology. In short, "Peale numbers" were assigned to species (not specimens) held in the Peale Museum.