Abstract
This paper describes the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) type A (ac only) ground-fault detection circuit and its limitations in accurately detecting electrical ground-fault currents in today's modern electrical installations. Discussed are the effects of waveform modifying power sources and the effect of the dc component on the efficacy of type A safety devices. Limitations of the UL1053 standard for ground-fault sensing and relaying equipment are discussed. The paper will lead to recommending and applying IEC type B (ac/dc) detection technology for solving these shortcomings.
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