Type and frequency of genetic variants for cardiovascular riskin patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Introduction and Aim:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a wide range of cardiovascular diseases that comprise the largest cause of both morbidity and mortality for the diabetic patients. The aim is to study the allelic and genotypic frequencies of genetic variants associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in T2DM and to assess their contribution to the risk ofcardiovascular complications in the patients. Materials and Methods:The genotyping was performed by usingCardiovascular disease StripAssay kit (Vienna Lab) based on polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization. The following mutations were studied: FV G1691A (Leiden), FV H1299R (R2),Prothrombin G20210A, Factor XIII V34L, ?-Fibrinogen ? 455 G/A, PAI-1 4G/5G, GPIIIa L33P (HPA-1), MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, ACE I/D, Apo B R3500Q, Apo E2/E3/E4. Diabetic patients were divided in 2groups: 1) patients with cardiovascular complications(N=20) and 2) patientswithout cardiovascular complications (N=16). Results:In all diabetic patients, we found higher than population frequency for FV Leiden allele (5.5%), FVR2 allele (9.7%), PAI-1 4G allele (58.9%), ?-Fibrinogen genotype -455G/A (38.9%) andACE D/D genotype (36.1%). Statistically higher frequency was established for ?-Fibrinogen ?455 G/A genotype in the patients with cardiovascular complications compared to non-cardiovascular patients (55% vs. 18.7%). Conclusion:We detected significantly higher frequency of ?-Fibrinogen ?455 G/A genotype in diabetic patients, especially in these with cardiovascular disease. Based on its pro-inflammatory role and its connection to possiblethrombotic events, we assumed that patients would benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment.