TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Objectives: To access the Homocystein and Antioxidant Status in Patient withVariation in Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Data source: 90 selected patients sufferingfrom Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2) and 30 subjects as control group. Design of study: CaseControl Study. Setting: Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Period: July 2013 –March 2014. Materials & methods: Out of 120 selected subjects, 30 were assigned as control,(group 1) and 90 of DMT2. Based on duration, patients of DMT2 were divided into; group 2(DMT2 <5 years), 3 (DMT2 = 5-10 years) and group 4 (DMT2 >10 years). Smokers, renalfailure, coronary artery disease, thyroid disease and patients on antioxidant treatment wereexcluded from the study. DMT2 was diagnosed according to American Diabetes Associationstandards. The fasting plasma glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method;HbA1c by automated kit, TAC by calorimetric TAC Assay Kit (BioVision), Vitamin C and E byELISA Kit (HUMAN) while homocysteine measured by AXSYM HCY assay kit (ABBOTT). Cut offvalues for HbA1c was taken as ≤6%; FBS ≤110 mg/dl; TAC ≥1.16 mmol/L; Vitamin C ≥2 mg/dl;Vitamin E ≥ 9.5nmol/ml and homocysteine was < 6.3 μmol/L. Results: As the duration of DMT2increases, levels of vitamin C and TAC fall significantly (p <0.05) in all groups except betweengroups 1 & 2; however, vitamin E, decreased significantly in all the groups with increased DMT2duration. A significantly increased level of HbA1c was noticed in groups 2, 3 and 4 comparedto group 1 with increased DMT2 duration. The fasting blood sugar increased significantly in allthe groups except between group 3 and 4. ANOVA showed significant differences (p <0.05)between each group and within the groups when Hb1Ac, vitamin E, vitamin C, & TAC werecompared. A positive significant correlation was observed when HbA1c was correlated withFBS; TAC correlated with vitamin C and E and between vitamin C and vitamin E. Conclusions:The levels of TAC, vitamin C and E gradually decrease with increased DMT2 duration; so shouldbe supplemented in diabetics. TAC status can be taken as early marker to detect complicationswhile homocysteine levels to prevent diabetic complications.