Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 2000-2020 in various parts of Nepal. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using the appropriate keywords. All Nepalese studies mentioning the prevalence of T2DM and/or details such as risk factors were included. Studies were screened using Covidence. Two reviewers independently selected studies based on the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software v.3. Results: A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of T2DM, pre-diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance in Nepal in the last two decades was 10% (CI, 7.1%- 13.9%), 19.4% (CI, 11.2%- 31.3%), and 11.0% (CI, 4.3%- 25.4%) respectively. The prevalence of T2DM in the year 2010-15 was 7.75% (CI, 3.67-15.61), and it increased to 11.24% between 2015-2020 (CI, 7.89-15.77). There were 2.19 times higher odds of having T2DM if the body mass index was ≥24.9 kg/m2. Analysis showed normal waist circumference, normal blood pressure, and no history of T2DM in a family has 64.1%, 62.1%, and 67.3% lower odds of having T2DM, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of T2DM, pre-diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance in Nepal was estimated to be 10%, 19.4%, and 11% respectively.
Highlights
Eligibility criteria All published studies that took place in Nepal from 2000–2020 were included in this review. These studies comprised of cross-sectional studies, case series that reported on more than 50 patients, cohort study, randomized control trial (RCTs) that were based on prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or its related issues such as risk factors, outcome, and outcome predictors
The results showed that T2DM status among alcoholic and non-alcoholic groups were not statistically significant (OR, 0.750; 95% CI, 0.439-1.281 I2; 37.72%) (Figure 7)
Our results show that in Nepal obesity is the highest risk factor for T2DM, while individuals with normal waist circumference and lack of family history of T2DM had lower risk of T2DM
Summary
We have presented the situation of T2DM in a funnel pattern in the background giving an overview of global, regional, and national scenarios. We have rephrased and edited as per requirement by the reviewer’s comment to further clarify the rationale. The rationale for the review was not clearly described in the context of what is already known. As there have been few studies in Nepal, it was not a good reason for conducting meta-analysis. Doing a meta-analysis using a small number of studies might cause bias
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