Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review

Abstract

Up to 10% of all pregnancies in the US are complicated by diabetes. Among them, 0.2 to 0.5 % of the individuals had type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Preterm birth, preeclampsia, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, intrauterine fetal death, fetal growth restriction, cardiac and renal abnormalities, as well as uncommon neural disorders including sacral agenesis, are all heightened risks for pregnancies affected by T1DM. It has been demonstrated that preconception planning and intensive glycemic control can lower the rate of fetal loss and abnormalities in pregnancies complicated by T1DM. The number of alternatives available to the obstetric team has risen as a result of recent improvements in insulin formulations and delivery techniques. To promote compliance and guarantee optimal glucose control, insulin regimens should be customized for each patient. For effective care, intensive preconception counseling with regular follow-up visits that emphasize strict glucose control is advised.