Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Challenges, Effective Treatment and Complication

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children is a growing global concern. It's an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The development of T1D is influenced by genetic factors, such as HLA genotypes, and environmental triggers, including infections and dietary factors. Understanding these patterns is vital for public health interventions. Symptoms in children typically include increased urination, excessive thirst, and weight loss. Ongoing research aims to better understand the interaction between genetics and environment in the development of T1D. Recognizing the increasing occurrence of T1D in children, the study highlights the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers in its development. The clinical signs range from urination and unexplained weight loss to changes posing challenges for early detection with diabetic ketoacidosis often being the first observable symptom. The discussion then shifts to contemporary management approaches for T1D, where insulin therapy plays a role. Technological advancements such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring systems redefine precision in administering insulin. A comprehensive management approach includes monitoring of blood glucose levels, dietary interventions, physical activity recommendations, psychological support and education that empower children and their families to manage the condition actively.