TX-100 adsorption from aqueous solution using modified graphene oxide; optimization by response surface methodology and one factor at a time techniques

Abstract

In this article, triton X-100 (TX-100) adsorption was evaluated by using of graphene oxide-saponin (GO-SA) nanocomposite as an adsorbent. GO was synthesized by the Hummer method and then modified by saponin to prepare GO-SA nanocomposite. The characteristics of GO-SA adsorbent were performed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The response surface methodology (RSM) using Design–Expert software and one factor at a time method (OFAT) were applied for optimization of pH of sample solution, amounts of adsorbent and contact time. Kinetic models are scrutinized and the outcomes depict the adsorption of TX-100 onto the GO-SA nanocomposite followed by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Also, to evaluate the adsorption mechanism, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R), Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich were appraised and the outcomes demonstrate that the adsorption of TX-100 governed by the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 179 Finally, the proposed adsorbent was successfully applied for the removal of TX-100 in different water samples.