Two-stage fermentation process for bioenergy and biochemicals production from industrial and agricultural wastewater

Abstract

Abstract Recovery of bioenergy and biochemicals from industrial and agricultural wastewater has attracted growing and widespread interests. The two-stage fermentation process offers an appealing avenue to achieve stepwise and directional substrate conversion in separated stages. The two-stage fermentation process could enhance the degradation of the substrate with high product yield and quality. The two-stage fermentation process has been developed for the production of biomethane, biohydrogen, biohythane, bioelectricity, and medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) with advantages over the conventional one-stage process. Two-stage fermentation process promising for future applications in industrial and agricultural wastewater treatment with simultaneous value-added production and pollution control. This chapter provides an overview of the various two-stage fermentation process for bioenergy and biochemicals production, introduces the recent advances, biochemical pathways, microorganisms, process parameters, technology assessment, and discusses the significant challenges with future perspectives for practical application.