Two-point Taylor expansions in the asymptotic approximation of double integrals. Application to the second and fourth Appell functions

Abstract

The main difficulty in Laplace's method of asymptotic expansions of double integrals is originated by a change of variables. We consider a double integral representation of the second Appell function F 2 ( a , b , b ′ , c , c ′ ; x , y ) and illustrate, over this example, a variant of Laplace's method which avoids that change of variables and simplifies the computations. Essentially, the method only requires a Taylor expansion of the integrand at the critical point of the phase function. We obtain in this way an asymptotic expansion of F 2 ( a , b , b ′ , c , c ′ ; x , y ) for large b, b ′ , c and c ′ . We also consider a double integral representation of the fourth Appell function F 4 ( a , b , c , d ; x , y ) . We show, in this example, that this variant of Laplace's method is uniform when two or more critical points coalesce or a critical point approaches the boundary of the integration domain. We obtain in this way an asymptotic approximation of F 4 ( a , b , c , d ; x , y ) for large values of a , b , c and d. In this second example, the method requires a Taylor expansion of the integrand at two points simultaneously. For this purpose, we also investigate in this paper Taylor expansions of two-variable analytic functions with respect to two points, giving Cauchy-type formulas for the coefficients of the expansion and details about the regions of convergence.