Abstract
In this article aspects of photon–photon physics related to the structure of real and virtual photons are reviewed. A recalculation of the virtual photon–photon box is performed and some discrepancies in the literature are clarified. A useful compilation of various relevant limits derived from the most general expressions is provided. Furthermore, structure functions of spin-averaged, transverse, and longitudinal virtual target photons are defined and discussed. Finally, the factorization of two-photon processes in the Bjorken limit is demonstrated to hold also for the case of virtual target photons.
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