Two-loop three-gluon vertex from the Curci-Ferrari model and its leading infrared behavior to all loop orders

Abstract

We evaluate the three-gluon vertex with one vanishing external momentum within the Curci-Ferrari (CF) model at two-loop order and compare our results to Landau-gauge lattice simulations of the same vertex function for the SU(2) and SU(3) gauge groups in four dimensions. This extends previous works [J. A. Gracey et al., Phys. Rev. D 100, 034023 (2019); N. Barrios et al., Phys. Rev. D 102, 114016 (2020)] that considered similarly the two-loop ghost and gluon two-point functions as well as the two-loop ghost-antighost-gluon vertex (with vanishing gluon momentum). With the parameters of the model being adjusted by fitting the two-point functions to available lattice data, our evaluation of the three-gluon vertex arises as a pure prediction. We find that two-loop corrections systematically improve the agreement between the model and the lattice data as compared to earlier one-loop calculations, with a better agreement in the SU(3) case as already seen in previous studies. We also analyze the renormalization scheme dependence of our calculation. In all cases, this dependence diminishes when two-loop corrections are included, which is consistent with the perturbative CF paradigm. In addition, we study the low momentum regime of the three-gluon vertex in relation with the possibility of zero crossing. Within the CF model, we show that the leading infrared behavior of the exact vertex is given by the same linear logarithm that arises at one-loop order, multiplied by the all orders cubic ghost dressing function at zero momentum (we provide similar exact results for other vertex functions). We argue that this property remains true within the Faddeev-Popov framework under the assumption that the resummed gluon propagator features a decoupling behavior. This shows that the zero crossing is a property of the exact three-gluon vertex function. Within the CF model, we find however that the scale of the zero crossing is considerably reduced when going from one- to two-loop order. This seems consistent with some recent lattice simulations [G. T. R. Catumba et al., EPJ Web Conf. 258, 02008 (2022)]. Finally, our analysis also allows us to support recent claims about the dominance of the tree-level tensor component [F. Pinto-G\'omez et al., arXiv:2208.01020].