Two-dimensional numerical simulations of tsunamis on Puger beach, Jember

Abstract

On June 3, 1994, an earthquake located 200 km south of the island of Java triggered a devastating tsunami and caused losses of life and materials around beaches in the Jember, Lumajang, and Banyuwangi Regencies. It is highly important to study the process of tsunami occurrences, especially at Puger Beach, Jember. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to understand the mechanism of tsunamis in Puger Beach. Tsunami numerical simulation was performed using the Delft3D model to calculate the propagation of possible future tsunamis. Bathymetric data obtained from GEBCO_08 were utilized in this study. The tsunami model was validated using the survey data of the tsunami on June 3, 1994. Tsunami simulations were successfully performed in this study. From numerical simulations, it was shown that the fault model characteristics utilized in the model directly affected the tsunami height. Just after the initial surface elevation, the wave height decreased and the tsunami propagated at sea. As the wave propagated from offshore to shallower area, the tsunami height increased until reaching the maximum tsunami height in coastal areas such as Puger Beach. Tsunami mechanisms are clarified from both numerical simulations.