Two-Dimensional Higher Order Elements

Abstract

The triangular elements with quadratic and cubic shape functions in terms of the local area coordinates are presented and coordinate transformation law with the associated Jacobian matrix calculations are given in the chapter. As an application, the Field problem in two dimensions is considered and employing the quadratic triangular element, the stiffness and force matrices are calculated. The quadrilateral element is discussed in the following and the shape functions in the global and local coordinates are obtained. The field problem is reconsidered and the element matrices are calculated employing the bilinear quadrilateral element.